When sourcing surplus shoes, it is critical to distinguish between overstock (brand new), customer returns, and factory seconds. You should request a detailed packing list (manifest) that specifies the percentage of 'Grade A' (pristine) versus 'Grade B' (minor cosmetic flaws) items. Ensure the sole adhesion is tested to prevent dry rot, especially for stock that has been stored in warehouses for over 12 months. For branded surplus, verify the authenticity of the supply chain to avoid counterfeit risks.