The price is primarily driven by the fidelity of the simulation. High-end units feature Real-time Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) capabilities, allowing for ECU testing with microsecond-level latency. Key hardware components include FPGA-based processing units, high-speed I/O interfaces (CAN, LIN, FlexRay), and fault insertion units (FIU). For educational models, the price depends on whether it is a cutaway working model or a fully digital diagnostic trainer with integrated OBD-II troubleshooting modules.